Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease that affects the brain, spinal cord, and the optic nerves. There is a protective layer called myelin which protects the nerve fibers. MS develops when the immune system attacks the myelin and causes inflammation and damage to the nerves. Because of this damage to the myelin, the brain cannot send signals properly to the nerves and to the rest of the body. The symptoms of MS usually occur during the age span from 16 to 55 years of age.
Symptoms
The symptoms of MS vary quite a bit. They depend on the extent of nerve damage and also on which nerves are affected. Some people may lose their ability to walk independently while some may have mild symptoms that do not affect their daily functions. The most common signs and symptoms of MS are :
- Fatigue
- Trouble in walking
- Blurred vision
- Muscle weakness and spasms
- Numbness and tingling
- Pain
- Sexual problems
- Poor bladder or bowel control
- Depression
- Problem in concentration
Causes
The cause of MS is unknown. It is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks myelin, which is a protective fatty layer around the nerves. When this protective layer gets damaged, the nerve fibers get exposed and the nerves get damaged. The risk factors that can cause damage are as follows:
- Age: Usually occurs in people between 16 to 55 years of age
- Family history
- Certain infections such as Epstein-Barr
- Low levels of vitamin D
- Smoking
- Certain autoimmune diseases such as thyroid diseases
- Race: Usually white people may be more at risk than Asians
- Climate such as a colder climate is also a risk factor
Treatment
There is no cure for Multiple sclerosis unfortunately. However, with certain lifestyle changes and medicines, this disease can usually be managed. Apart from medicines, muscle relaxants, medicines to reduce fatigue and medicines to increase the speed of walking may also be commonly prescribed. Physical therapy and regular exercise are helpful. A well-balanced diet that is high in nutrients and fiber and low in calories will often help in maintaining overall health.
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease and can often be difficult to live with. But with medication and lifestyle changes most people manage to function well.
Disclaimer: The information in no way constitutes, or should be construed as medical advice. Nor is the above article an endorsement of any research findings discussed in the article an endorsement for any of the source publications.
